Brillant Law Firm - FAQs

Litigation Practice FAQs

What types of litigation does Brillant Law handle?

Brillant Law has extensive experience in various types of litigation, including:
o Breach of fiduciary duty and breach of trust cases involving trustees, executors,
heirs, beneficiaries, and creditors in estate matters.
Contested conservatorships and guardianships, often representing relatives of
deceased family members with incapacitated adults or minors.
Business disputes among partners, shareholders, and members of LLCs.
Representation of businesses in litigation against creditors.
Representation of individuals and businesses in tax disputes with the IRS,
Franchise Tax Board (FTB), and Employment Development Department (EDD).

What is Brillant Law’s approach to cases involving breach of fiduciary duty or breach of trust?

We specialize in cases where trustees or executors may have breached their fiduciary duty
to beneficiaries. These cases often involve financial mismanagement, self-dealing, or
even embezzlement of funds. Our deep understanding of numbers and financial
intricacies allows us to thoroughly investigate and advocate for our clients, ensuring that
justice is served when there has been a breach of trust.

How does Brillant Law approach business disputes?

We represent clients in various business disputes, whether it’s a disagreement among
business partners, shareholders, or members of LLCs. These cases can involve issues
such as breach of contract, mismanagement, or disputes over business operations. Our
goal is to resolve these matters efficiently, through negotiation or litigation, while always
focusing on the facts and the best interests of our clients.

What makes Brillant Law effective in tax disputes with the IRS, FTB, and EDD?

Brillant Law excels at handling tax disputes because of our expertise in analyzing
financial data. Whether it’s a dispute about whether certain receipts constitute gross
income, or whether deductions are being improperly denied, we thrive on cases that
involve complex financial questions. Our firm is adept at finding the facts and building
the strongest case possible to resolve these issues favorably for our clients.

How does Brillant Law approach fact-finding in litigation?

At Brillant Law, we believe that the outcome of most cases depends on the facts. We
invest significant time and effort into fact-finding, ensuring that we have a complete
understanding of the situation before making any legal arguments. Our ability to gather
and analyze evidence means we are often the most informed lawyers in any mediation or
courtroom setting. However, being well-prepared requires client cooperation, as we need
full access to relevant information to build the strongest case.

What is Brillant Law’s litigation strategy?

We work collaboratively with our clients, focusing on the issues that truly matter. We
avoid spending time on irrelevant matters that don’t move the case forward. Our strategy
is to maximize efficiency while fully advocating for our clients’ positions. We pride
ourselves on resolving most of our cases through settlement, often achieving outcomes
equivalent to a trial victory. However, when necessary, we are fully prepared to take cases
to trial and advocate for our clients until the end.

How does Brillant Law help clients understand the risks of litigation?

We believe in being candid with our clients about the risks and potential outcomes of
their cases. As cases progress, particularly after depositions and witness interviews, we
provide our clients with a clear understanding of how the case is shaping up. Trial always
carries risk, as the outcome can be unpredictable. At Brillant Law, we ensure our clients
are well-informed about these risks and are fully prepared to make decisions based on the
facts and evidence we uncover.

What is Brillant Law’s approach to client decision-making in litigation?

Our role as legal counsel is to advise our clients on the array of choices available, based
on the facts and legal strategies we develop. We empower our clients to make the final
decisions, respecting their preferences once they have all the necessary information. We
work hard to ensure that our clients are equipped with the knowledge to make well-
informed choices, whether that involves settling a case or proceeding to trial.

What is the risk of going to trial?

Every trial carries a level of risk, even with the strongest case. The outcome can depend
on how a judge or jury views the facts and arguments presented. Trial is, in many ways, a
form of democracy—where the trier of fact "votes" on the outcome. At Brillant Law, we
work diligently to assess the strength of your case, communicate the potential risks, and
advocate for your best interests throughout the process.
Probate Administration FAQs

What is the purpose of probate administration?

Probate administration is the legal process of managing and distributing a deceased
person’s estate. Its purpose is to ensure that the decedent’s debts are paid and their
assets are distributed according to their will, or according to state law if there is no will.
The court oversees this process to ensure that it is carried out fairly and legally.

How long does the probate administration process take?

The probate process in California can take anywhere from 9 months to over a year,
depending on the complexity of the estate, whether there are any disputes, and the court’s schedule. In some cases, it can take even longer, especially if there are contested issues or if the court is overloaded with cases. Brillant Law has strategies to help shortcut some of these delays and move the process forward as efficiently as
possible.

Who has priority to become the estate administrator?

If there is a valid will, the person named as executor generally has the highest priority to
serve as the estate administrator. If there is no will, California law establishes a hierarchy
of who can serve, starting with the surviving spouse or registered domestic partner, followed by children, and other relatives in descending order of closeness. If no family member is available, a creditor or another interested party may petition to become the
administrator.

How and why are wills admitted to probate?

A will is admitted to probate by filing a petition with the probate court. The court will review the will to ensure it meets the legal requirements for validity (such as being
properly signed and witnessed). The purpose of admitting a will to probate is to officially
recognize it as the decedent’s last wishes and to authorize the executor to begin
administering the estate according to its terms.

When does a will contest occur?

A will contest generally occurs before the will is admitted to probate. If someone believes
that the will is invalid due to issues like undue influence, fraud, or lack of capacity, they
can file an objection. Will contests can delay the probate process, as the court must
resolve these disputes before the estate can be administered according to the will.

How long do creditors have to file their claims in California?

In California, creditors have 4 months from the date the probate court appoints an executor or administrator to file their claims against the estate. This claim period can be a significant impediment to the swift administration of the estate, as it adds time to the overall process. Executors or administrators must wait for this period to pass before
distributing assets to beneficiaries.

How is a probate estate closed and distributed?

A probate estate is closed by filing a final petition with the court, which requests approval
of the accounting, payment of all debts and taxes, and distribution of the remaining assets to the beneficiaries. Once the court approves the petition, the executor or
administrator distributes the estate as instructed in the will or by law if there is no will.

Why does it take so long to close and distribute a probate estate?

One of the main reasons probate can take a long time is the overloaded court system, which often results in delays in hearing petitions and other necessary motions. Additionally, issues like will contests, disputes among beneficiaries, or complex creditor
claims can extend the process. Getting a petition to distribute and close the estate heard can take months.

How does Brillant Law help expedite the probate process?

At Brillant Law, we understand the challenges posed by the long timelines in probate administration. We implement strategies such as early planning and efficient
management of creditor claims and disputes to help speed up the process. While some
delays are unavoidable due to the court’s schedule, we work diligently to move your
case forward as quickly as possible, minimizing unnecessary delays and keeping the process on track.
Probate Code Accountings in Trusts, Probates, Guardianships, & Conservatorships FAQs

What is a probate code accounting?

A probate code accounting is a detailed financial report required in the administration of
estates, trusts, guardianships, and conservatorships. It provides transparency by documenting all transactions related to the estate or trust, including income, expenses, and distributions. The accounting allows the court or beneficiaries to ensure the proper
management of assets by the trustee, executor, guardian, or conservator. It typically
includes information such as:
 The initial inventory of the estate’s assets.
 Income generated by the estate (e.g., interest, rent).
 Expenses paid (e.g., debts, taxes, legal fees).
 Distributions made to beneficiaries.
 Any gains or losses from the sale of estate assets.

Why is a probate code accounting essential to close an estate?

Before an estate can be officially closed, the probate court requires an accounting to
ensure that the executor or administrator has properly managed the estate’s assets. The
court uses the accounting to verify that:
All assets were appropriately marshaled and inventoried.
All debts, taxes, and expenses have been paid.
The remaining assets are distributed according to the will or, if there is no will, in
accordance with state law. Without a proper accounting, the court cannot approve the final distribution and close the estate.

Can a probate code accounting be waived?

Yes, a probate code accounting can be waived in certain circumstances. If all beneficiaries of the estate agree, they can sign a waiver to forgo the requirement of a
formal accounting. However, waivers should be used cautiously and are not always in the
beneficiaries’ best interest, especially in larger or more complex estates where
transparency is crucial.

When does Brillant Law recommend waiving the probate code accounting?

At Brillant Law, we use waivers of probate code accounting in limited situations. Waivers
are typically considered when:
 The estate is relatively simple and straightforward.
 All beneficiaries are in agreement and have a high level of trust in the executor or administrator.
 The estate administration has been transparent, and there is little risk of disputes.
Even in cases where a waiver may seem appropriate, we carefully assess the situation to ensure that waiving the accounting is truly in the best interest of all parties. Transparency
and accountability are important values in estate administration, and we recommend
formal accountings in most cases to provide peace of mind to the beneficiaries and ensure
proper compliance with the law.

What happens if a probate code accounting is not waived?

If the accounting is not waived, the executor or administrator must prepare and file the
formal probate code accounting with the court. The court will review the report, and if
everything is in order, it will approve the final distribution of the estate’s assets.
Beneficiaries also have the right to review the accounting and raise any concerns or
objections before the court approves it.

How does Brillant Law help with the probate code accounting process?

Brillant Law provides comprehensive support throughout the probate code accounting
process. We assist executors and administrators in preparing the detailed financial report
required by the court, ensuring that all assets, expenses, and distributions are properly documented. Our goal is to streamline the process, minimize errors, and facilitate the
timely approval of the accounting so that the estate can be distributed and closed
efficiently.
Trust Administration FAQs

What is trust administration?

Trust administration is the process in which a trustee manages and distributes a
grantor’s assets to the intended beneficiaries according to the terms of the trust. Unlike
probate administration, trust administration is generally more efficient, private, and does
not involve court supervision.

Why is trust administration more efficient than probate?

Trust administration typically avoids the lengthy and public probate process, allowing for a faster and more streamlined distribution of assets. Since it does not require court approval or oversight, it can proceed much more quickly than probate, where the court supervises the entire process. In California, probate can be particularly slow and costly, making trusts a preferred method for many people.

Is trust administration private?

Yes, trust administration is a private process. Unlike probate, which involves public court
proceedings and filings, the details of a trust, including its assets and beneficiaries, remain confidential. This privacy is one of the primary reasons many people in California prefer to use trusts to distribute their estates.

What is the trustee’s fiduciary duty in trust administration?

A trustee has a fiduciary duty to act in the best interests of the beneficiaries when
managing and distributing the trust assets. This duty includes adhering to the terms of the trust, managing assets prudently, and ensuring fairness and transparency with the
beneficiaries. The trustee must avoid conflicts of interest and must act with loyalty and
care in all decisions.

What happens if a trustee breaches their fiduciary duty?

If a trustee breaches their fiduciary duty, the beneficiaries have the right to make a legal
claim against the trustee for breach of trust. Breaches of fiduciary duty may include improper management of assets, self-dealing, failing to follow the trust’s instructions, or not providing beneficiaries with necessary information. Without the ability for beneficiaries to hold trustees accountable, trust administration would not function effectively, as it is not supervised by a court.

Why do most people in California use trusts to distribute their estates?

In California, the probate process is notoriously inefficient, often taking many months or even years to complete, with significant costs involved. Because of this, most people
with any level of wealth choose to create trusts to distribute their estates more efficiently
and privately. Trusts allow for quicker and less expensive administration of assets, avoiding the delays and expenses associated with probate court.

Are trusts used as frequently in other states as in California?

No, trusts are not as commonly used in all states as they are in California. In other states where the probate process is more efficient and less costly, individuals may rely on
probate rather than trusts to administer their estates. In California, however, trusts are the preferred method due to the state’s particularly slow and expensive probate process.

What is the tradeoff of using a trust instead of probate?

The main tradeoff of using a trust is that the grantor must have confidence that the
trustee will faithfully execute the plan outlined in the trust, as trust administration is not court-supervised. While trusts provide privacy and efficiency, the lack of court oversight means that beneficiaries must rely on the trustee to act in good faith and fulfill their fiduciary duties. If the trustee fails in their duties, beneficiaries have the right to seek
legal recourse for breaches of trust.
Estate Planning FAQs

What is a Revocable Living Trust?

A Revocable Living Trust is a legal document that allows you to manage your assets during your
lifetime and specify how they should be distributed upon your death. You, as the grantor, retain
control over the trust and can amend, revoke, or manage the assets in the trust at any time.
This type of trust helps avoid probate, providing privacy and potentially saving time and
expenses in the administration of your estate.

What is an Irrevocable Trust?

Generally, an Irrevocable Trust is a trust that, once created, cannot be altered or revoked by the grantor. This type of trust transfers ownership of assets to the trust, and the grantor no longer has control over them. Irrevocable trusts are commonly used for tax planning, asset protection, or to meet specific estate planning goals, such as providing for heirs in a structured way or reducing estate taxes.

Why is it important to title assets in the name of the trust after creating a Revocable Living Trust?

After creating a Revocable Living Trust, it’s essential to transfer (or title) your assets into the name of the trust to ensure those assets are governed by the terms of the trust. If assets are not properly titled in the trust’s name, they may still go through probate, defeating one of the primary benefits of creating the trust. Proper titling of assets ensures that they are managed and distributed according to your wishes, without needing to go through the probate process.

What is a Will?

A Will is a legal document that specifies how you want your assets distributed and names an executor to manage your estate after your death. A Will can also designate guardians for minor children. However, assets distributed through a Will generally go through probate, a court-supervised process, which can be time-consuming and public.

What is the difference between probate and trust administration?

Probate is the court-supervised process of validating a Will, paying off debts, and distributing assets to beneficiaries. It is often public, can be costly, and may take several months to complete. Trust administration, on the other hand, involves managing and distributing assets held in a trust. If the assets are in a properly funded Revocable Living Trust, they typically avoid probate, allowing for faster and more private administration.

What is the purpose of a Durable Power of Attorney?

A Durable Power of Attorney allows you to appoint someone (your agent) to manage your
financial affairs if you become incapacitated. It remains effective even if you are unable to make decisions for yourself, ensuring that your finances can still be managed without court intervention.

What is the purpose of an Advance Health Care Directive?

An Advance Health Care Directive allows you to appoint a healthcare agent to make medical decisions on your behalf if you are unable to do so. It also lets you specify your preferences for medical treatment, such as life support or end-of-life care, providing guidance to your loved ones and healthcare providers.

What is a POLST form, and how does it differ from an Advance Health Care Directive?

A POLST (Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment) form is a medical order completed with your doctor that outlines your preferences for end-of-life treatment, such as resuscitation, artificial nutrition, and other life-sustaining measures. Unlike an Advance Health Care Directive, which can be broader and may include your general healthcare preferences, a POLST form is used in more immediate, life-threatening situations. A POLST is also legally binding and recognized by healthcare providers as a direct medical order.
Advanced Estate Planning with Irrevocable Trusts FAQs

What is a Qualified Personal Residence Trust (QPRT)?

A Qualified Personal Residence Trust (QPRT) is an irrevocable trust that allows you to
transfer ownership of your home to your beneficiaries while continuing to live in it for a set number of years. The value of the gift to the trust is reduced by the retained right to
live in the home, which can result in substantial estate tax savings. Once the trust term ends, the residence is transferred to the beneficiaries, although you may continue living
in the home by paying fair market rent.

What is a Grantor Retained Annuity Trust (GRAT)?

A Grantor Retained Annuity Trust (GRAT) is an irrevocable trust where you transfer
assets while retaining the right to receive fixed annuity payments for a set period. At the
end of the trust term, any remaining assets are transferred to your beneficiaries without
additional gift taxes. GRATs are often used to transfer appreciating assets while minimizing estate and gift tax liabilities, particularly if the assets outperform the IRS- assumed rate of return.

What is a Charitable Remainder Trust (CRT) and a Charitable Lead Trust (CLT)?

A Charitable Remainder Trust (CRT) is an irrevocable trust that provides income to you
or other beneficiaries for a set period, after which the remaining assets go to a
designated charity. It offers income tax deductions and helps reduce estate taxes while supporting a charitable cause.
A Charitable Lead Trust (CLT) works in the opposite way: the charity receives income
from the trust for a set period, and at the end of the term, the remaining assets pass to your beneficiaries. CLTs are useful for transferring assets to heirs with reduced gift or estate tax while benefiting a charity during the trust term.

What is an Intentionally Defective Grantor Trust (IDGT)?

An Intentionally Defective Grantor Trust (IDGT) is an irrevocable trust used to remove appreciating assets from your estate while maintaining income tax liability on the trust’s
income, allowing the assets to grow without reducing the value of the estate. The grantor
pays income taxes on the trust’s income, which effectively reduces the estate without additional gift tax implications. IDGTs are frequently used in conjunction with sales or gifts of assets to the trust for estate tax planning.

What is a Minor’s Trust (also known as a Section 2503(c) Trust)?

A Minor’s Trust is an irrevocable trust designed to hold assets for a minor child until they reach a specific age (usually 21). It allows gifts to the trust to qualify for the annual gift tax exclusion while ensuring that the funds are used for the benefit of the child. The
trustee can manage the assets and make distributions for the child’s benefit, such as
education, health, and living expenses, until the child becomes entitled to receive the
assets outright.

What is an Irrevocable Life Insurance Trust (ILIT)?

An Irrevocable Life Insurance Trust (ILIT) is a trust designed to hold and manage life
insurance policies. The trust owns the policy, and upon the grantor’s death, the life insurance proceeds are excluded from the estate for estate tax purposes. ILITs are commonly used to provide liquidity for estate taxes or to support beneficiaries while minimizing estate tax exposure. The trust ensures that the life insurance proceeds are
distributed according to the grantor’s wishes, without being subject to estate tax.
Using Business Entities in Estate Planning FAQs

Why do estate planners sometimes recommend moving assets into a business entity, such as an LLC or Limited Partnership?

Estate planners often recommend moving assets into a business entity, like an LLC or
Limited Partnership, as a way to centralize the management of assets and begin transferring equity interests to family members. By gifting or selling equity interests in the entity (rather than direct ownership of the assets), fractionalized ownership is created.
This can result in significant estate and gift tax advantages, as ownership interests in the entity may qualify for discounts due to a lack of control and marketability. These
techniques are sophisticated and require careful planning with an attorney and an
appraiser to ensure compliance and maximize the potential benefits.

What are the benefits of creating fractionalized ownership in a business entity?

Fractionalized ownership, created by gifting or selling equity interests in a business
entity to family members, often leads to discounted valuations of those interests for
estate and gift tax purposes. Since individual family members typically hold minority stakes in the business entity, the value of these interests is often discounted by 20% or
more, reflecting their lack of control and limited marketability. These discounts reduce
the taxable value of the transferred interests, which can help minimize overall estate or
gift tax liability.

How do control and marketability discounts work in estate planning?

When assets are transferred through fractionalized ownership in a business entity, the value of those interests may be discounted due to two major factors: lack of control and
lack of marketability. The discounts reflect the reduced value of minority ownership
stakes, which often come with limited rights and less control over the business entity.

What is a "Lack of Control" discount?

A Lack of Control discount reflects the diminished value of a minority interest in a
business entity because the owner does not have the ability to control or direct key decisions, such as selling assets, distributing income, or managing the business. The more limited the rights of minority owners, the larger the potential discount for lack of control. This is especially relevant when an equity holder has no voting rights or has limited influence over major business decisions.

What is a "Lack of Marketability" discount?

A Lack of Marketability discount reflects the difficulty of selling or transferring a minority interest in a business entity. Since interests in private entities like LLCs or Limited Partnerships are often illiquid and difficult to sell in the open market, the value of the minority interest may be significantly reduced. Factors such as restrictions on transferring ownership (e.g., rights of first refusal) or a corporation’s right to repurchase a member’s interest can also drive this discount.

What factors affect the size of the control and marketability discounts?

The size of these discounts is influenced by several factors related to the rights of minority equity holders, such as:
  • Voting rights: The lack or limitation of voting rights can significantly impact the lack of control discount.
  • Rights of first refusal: If minority owners must offer their interest to other members before selling, this can increase the lack of marketability discount.
  • Corporation’s right to purchase member interests: In some cases, a corporation or entity has the right to buy back interests, further reducing marketability and influencing the discount.
These discounts are determined through careful analysis by both attorneys and appraisers to ensure they are applied appropriately and are defensible if scrutinized by the IRS.
Our Billing Philosophy

At Brillant Law Firm, we pride ourselves on transparency, fairness, and open communication
when it comes to our rates and billing practices. We understand that many clients seek cost certainty, and while we don’t always offer flat fees, we aim to provide accurate estimates and timely updates on any changes to the scope of work.

We believe in billing our clients only for the work necessary to achieve their legal goals and never for minor administrative tasks. Whether your matter is straightforward or complex, we promise regular communication about both the progress of your case and its financial
implications.

Our commitment to clarity and fairness sets us apart from competitors who may have less client-friendly practices. You can count on us to provide value through efficient, results-driven work and a partnership grounded in trust.

Our Rates, Retainer Policy, and Invoicing FAQs
Our rates vary depending on the expertise and level of the professional involved. For attorneys, our rates range between $610 and $400 per hour. For support services, our paralegal rate is set at $240 per hour, while our clerk rate is $100 per hour. These rates
ensure that we provide high-quality legal services tailored to the specific needs of each
client.

How and when do you invoice for your services?

We issue invoices on a monthly basis with terms of net 30. This means that payment is
due within 30 days of the invoice date. Invoices paid after 30 days will incur an interest charge at a rate of 10% annualized interest. If a bill is past due, we reserve the right to cease performing services. However, we encourage clients to discuss any concerns about costs or payments with us openly, and we will work with you to find a resolution.

What is an evergreen retainer?

An evergreen retainer, also known as an advance deposit, is a pre-paid amount that
clients maintain with our firm. This retainer anticipates short to medium-term future work and ensures that we have the resources readily available to address your legal needs promptly and efficiently.

Why do you request an evergreen retainer?at is an evergreen retainer?

We request an evergreen retainer to facilitate the smooth management of your legal matters. It helps in ensuring that funds are available for upcoming work, allowing us to
allocate resources and attention to your case without delay. We find this method more
transparent and fair for our clients, ensuring no surprises as the matter progresses.

Do you charge additional service fees for routine office expenses like mail and photocopies?

Unlike some firms that add a service charge as a percentage of fees to cover routine office expenses like mail and photocopies, we do not upcharge for these services. We believe in straightforward billing where our fee is our fee. This reflects our commitment to
transparency and fairness. You can trust that the amount you see is the amount you pay—without hidden fees or unnecessary charges.

Do you offer flat fees for certain services?

We understand that clients appreciate flat fees due to the cost certainty they provide.
While we do not regularly charge flat fees, we tailor our services to provide estimates based on an agreed scope of work. This approach allows us to be flexible and responsive to the needs of each case, ensuring you only pay for the work necessary to your matter. If the scope of work changes, we’ll update you promptly and provide revised
estimates. We also encourage an open dialogue about costs throughout the engagement.

How do you handle billing for complex matters like litigation or engagements with governmental entities?

In cases like litigation or dealings with governmental entities, such as the IRS or the FTB, estimating hours can be challenging due to the unpredictable nature of these matters. These cases often involve external parties or government actions beyond our control. However, we remain focused on your goals and will continue to estimate the time and costs needed to accomplish our tasks. We are committed to maintaining transparency and communicating regularly about the time and costs involved. While some firms may struggle with providing ongoing cost updates in complex cases, we
make it a priority to keep you informed.

Do you upcharge when using vendors for tasks like accounting or forensic accounting?

No, unlike some firms, we do not upcharge for using external vendors, such as outside
accountants for accounting and bookkeeping work, or for forensic accounting tasks necessary for your engagement. Any costs incurred are passed on to our clients without any additional markup. We believe this practice is part of maintaining fairness and transparency in our billing.

Can I ask questions about the billing and future costs of my engagement?

Absolutely. We encourage our clients to ask questions about upcoming costs or any
aspect of the engagement. Our approach is to foster an open and professional dialogue about the financial aspects of your case, ensuring there is full transparency throughout the process. We believe that clear communication helps prevent surprises and fosters trust.

We Are Relentless In Our Preparation.

In every courtroom, boardroom, or conference room, our preparation and precision set us apart. For discerning individuals and businesses that value excellence and seek the pinnacle of legal representation, Brillant Law Firm stands as the gold standard.